"idoctor"

&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;left&quot;/&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&amp;amp;cmd=Display&amp;amp;dopt=PubMed_PubMed&amp;amp;from_uid=19864406&quot;&gt;Related Articles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;<br> &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dietary protein and bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;<br> &lt;p&gt;Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Oct 28;&lt;/p&gt;<br> &lt;p&gt;Authors: Kerstetter JE&lt;/p&gt;<br> &lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;<br> &lt;p&gt;PMID: 19864406 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]&lt;/p&gt;

Share/Save

Longitudinal study of muscle strength, quality, and adipose tissue infiltration.

Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Oct 28;

Authors: Delmonico MJ, Harris TB, Visser M, Park SW, Conroy MB, Velasquez-Mieyer P, Boudreau R, Manini TM, Nevitt M, Newman AB, Goodpaster BH

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is thought to be accompanied by increased muscle fat infiltration. However, no longitudinal studies have examined concomitant changes in muscle mass, strength, or fat infiltration in older adults. OBJECTIVE: We present longitudinal data on age-related changes in leg composition, strength, and muscle quality (MQ) in ambulatory, well-functioning men and women. We hypothesized that muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and strength would decrease and muscular fat infiltration would increase over 5 y. DESIGN: Midthigh muscle, subcutaneous fat (SF), and intermuscular fat (IMF) CSAs and isokinetic leg muscle torque (MT) and MQ (MT/quadriceps CSA) were examined over 5 y in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study cohort (n = 1678). RESULTS: Men experienced a 16.1% loss of MT, whereas women experienced a 13.4% loss. Adjusted annualized decreases in MT were 2-5 times greater than the loss of muscle CSA in those who lost weight and in those who remained weight-stable. Weight gain did not prevent the loss of MT, despite a small increase in muscle CSA. Only those who gained weight had an increase in SF (P < 0.001), whereas those who lost weight also lost SF (P < 0.001). There was an age-related increase in IMF in men and women (P < 0.001), and IMF increased in those who lost weight, gained weight, or remained weight-stable (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Loss of leg MT in older adults is greater than muscle CSA loss, which suggests a decrease in MQ. Additionally, aging is associated with an increase in IMF regardless of changes in weight or SF.

PMID: 19864405 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Share/Save

Eating out of home in Vietnamese adolescents: socioeconomic factors and dietary associations.

Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Oct 28;

Authors: Lachat C, Khanh LN, Khan NC, Dung NQ, Van Anh ND, Roberfroid D, Kolsteren P

BACKGROUND: Out-of-home (OH) eating in developed countries is associated with suboptimal dietary intakes, but evidence is scarce on the situation in developing countries. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional contribution of OH eating and related socioeconomic determinants in Vietnamese adolescents. DESIGN: A 24-h recall was used to collect food intake data in a cross-sectional study of 1172 adolescents living in urban and rural areas. Multilevel analysis compared the mean daily intakes of energy, energy density, energy from fat, food groups, vitamin A, iron, and zinc in low, middle, and high consumers of OH food. Socioeconomic associations of OH eating were analyzed in a subsample of 870 adolescents. RESULTS: OH foods contributed 42% of fruit and vegetables, 23% of sodium, 21% of energy, 21% of vitamin A, 21% of iron, and 21% of zinc consumed per day. OH eating was negatively associated with total energy intake and energy density and positively associated with dietary diversity, energy contribution from fat, and consumption of sugar products. In rural areas, OH eating was positively associated with iron, fruit, meat, poultry, and offal intake. Female sex (P < 0.001), residence in urban areas (P < 0.001), and amount of pocket money (P < 0.001) were positively associated with consumption of OH foods. CONCLUSIONS: OH eating added a number of desirable foods and nutrients but was also associated with higher consumption of energy from fat and sugar products. Independent of household wealth and locality, pocket money and sex are important determinants of OH eating.

PMID: 19864404 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Share/Save

Purpose: To evaluate the ocular blood flow velocities and haemorheological parameters in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), exfoliative glaucoma (XFG) and exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and to compare their results with those of healthy controls.Methods: Twenty-five patients with POAG (group 1), 25 patients with XFG (group 2), 25 patients with XFS (group 3) and 25 healthy controls (group 4) were included in the study. Ocular blood flow velocities of ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA) and short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCAs) were measured using colour Doppler imaging (CDI). Haemorheological parameters (erythrocyte elongation and aggregation index, aggregation amplitude, aggregation half-life, plasma viscosity, haematocrit) were measured in venous blood samples of all patients.Results: The peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) values were lower and resistive indices (RI) were higher for the OA, CRA and SPCA of glaucomatous (groups 1 and 2) patients compared with those of controls (group 4) (PSV: OA, 40.4 ± 11.3 versus 52.6 ± 12.8 cm/second, p < 0.001; CRA, 12.9 ± 2.9 versus 15.3 ± 4.2 cm/second, p = 0.02; SPCA, 21.7 ± 6.6 versus 26.6 ± 8.3 cm/second, p = 0.013) (EDV: OA, 10.3 ± 4.3 versus 14.2 ± 5.1 cm/second, p < 0.001; CRA, 3.7 ± 1.1 versus 4.5 ± 1.3 cm/second, p = 0.025; SPCA, 5.2 ± 1.8 versus 7.7 ± 3.2 cm/second, p = 0.001) (RI: OA, 0.75 ± 0.05 versus 0.66 ± 0.07, p < 0.001; CRA, 0.73 ± 0.08 versus 0.68 ± 0.10, p = 0.223; SPCA, 0.70 ± 0.10 versus 0.63 ± 0.11, p = 0.004). There were no statistically significant differences between the haemorheological parameters of glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous patients. The reduction in ocular blood flow velocities in groups 1, 2 and 3 were not associated with changes in haemorheological parameters.Conclusion: Our results suggest that impairment of the retrobulbar blood flow in POAG and XFG is not associated with alterations in haemorheological parameters.

Share/Save

Share/Save

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the correlation between glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level and macular volume in diabetes patients without diabetic macular oedema (DMO).Methods: We carried out an observational, cross-sectional study. Patients who had diabetes mellitus (DM) of [ge] 10 years duration without DMO were included. Only one eye of each patient was selected for analysis. Eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy were excluded. Central subfield thickness (CST), central subfield volume (CSV) and total macular volume (TMV) were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Chronic HbA1c level was defined as the mean HbA1c value in the year prior to enrolment.Results: We included 97 eyes from 97 patients (47 women, 50 men; mean age 62.2 years). They included eight type 1 and 89 type 2 DM patients. The mean duration of DM was 15.5 years. Forty-two (43%) eyes had no diabetic retinopathy and 55 (57%) eyes had non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In statistical analysis, CST (mean 188.80 ± 27.64 [mu]m; r = 0.220, p = 0.030), CSV (mean 0.149 ± 0.021 mm3; r = 0.213, p = 0.036) and TMV (mean 6.497 ± 0.715 mm3; r = 0.299, p = 0.003) positively correlated with chronic HbA1c level (7.95 ± 1.29%). The linear regression model showed that chronic HbA1c level (standardized coefficient 0.253; p = 0.013) and age (standardized coefficient [minus] 0.206; p = 0.040) were factors significantly related to TMV.Conclusions: Chronic HbA1c level positively correlates with macular thickness and volume in patients with DM of [ge] 10 years duration without DMO. Our results suggest that subclinical macular volume and thickness changes may occur before DMO becomes clinically evident. Early tight glycaemic control prior to the onset of DMO may play an important role in preventing the deterioration of macular function by altering macular haemodynamics.

Share/Save

Purpose: To investigate the physiological retinal response to uneventful cataract surgery using conventional time-domain (TD-OCT) and current spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in combination with an assessment of the anterior chamber inflammatory reaction by laser flare/cell meter (LCFM).Methods: Thirty-four patients scheduled for cataract surgery were included in this prospective pilot study. Retinal parameters were examined according to a standardized examination procedure using TD-OCT (Stratus; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, California, USA) and SD-OCT (Cirrus; Carl Zeiss Meditec) devices. The inflammatory reaction of the anterior chamber was measured by LFCM (Kowa FC-1000, Kowa Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan). Examinations were carried out preoperatively and at day 2, week 1 and week 4 postoperatively.Result

Share/Save

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of cataract, glaucoma, age-related maculopathy (ARM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the adult Finnish population.Methods: A representative cross-sectional sample of the Finnish population aged 30 years and older. Of the 7979 eligible people, 7413 (93%) were interviewed and/or examined. The interview included self-reported doctor-made diagnoses of cataract, glaucoma, degenerative fundus changes (mainly ARM) or DR. Information on self-reported eye diseases was complemented with data from national registers, and case records were gathered for non-participants and persons with visual acuity (VA) < 0.5 or reporting difficulties in vision or eye diseases without assessed VA.Results: Based on self-reported and/or register-based data the estimated total prevalences of cataract, glaucoma, ARM and DR in the study population were 10%, 5%, 4% and 1%, respectively. All these chronic eye diseases increased with age (p < 0.001). The corresponding prevalences for persons aged 65 and older were 34%, 13%, 12% and 2%, respectively. Cataract and glaucoma were more common in women than in men [odds ratio (OR) 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26[ndash]1.91; OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.24[ndash]1.98, respectively]. The most prevalent eye diseases in people with visual impairment (VA [le] 0.25) were ARM (37%), unoperated cataract (27%), glaucoma (22%) and DR (7%).Conclusion: The high prevalence of these mainly age-related eye diseases, together with increasing life expectancy, mean that continuous efforts are needed to identify and treat eye diseases in order to maintain patients’ quality of life and to alleviate the social and economic burden of serious eye diseases.

Share/Save

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate normal values and interocular differences in retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness, using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Heidelberg retinal tomography (HRT), in 5[ndash]16-year-old children born at full-term with normal birthweights.Methods: Fifty-six children with normal visual acuity and refraction were examined with Stratus OCT and HRT. Three examinations were performed in each eye. One eye in each child was randomized for analyses of normal values. Findings in 54 eyes were evaluated. Mean values of RNFL thickness were calculated. Coefficients of variance and intraclass correlations were calculated. The correlation between right and left eyes and the limits of difference were determined for both met

Share/Save

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the anterior chamber depth (ACD) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients during latanoprost therapy.Methods: We carried out a prospective study in which we enrolled 66 newly diagnosed POAG patients treated with latanoprost 0.005% (group 1) and 50 ocular hypertensive and/or glaucoma suspect cases who were given no therapy (group 2 [control]). Measurements of the ACD were performed by A-scan ultrasonography before and after cycloplegia at baseline and at 3 months of latanoprost therapy. Differences in ACD and their correlations with the ocular hypotensive effect of the agent as well as the clinical significance of changes in ACD were analysed using Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.Results: Mean baseline ACD was 3.13 ± 0.35 mm (range 2.45[ndash]3.84 mm) in group 1 and 3.14 ± 0.36 mm (range 2.54[ndash]3.80 mm) in group 2 (p = 0.89). At 1 hour after instillation of cyclopentolate 1%, mean ACD in groups 1 and 2 was 3.18 ± 0.38 mm (range 2.45[ndash]3.92 mm) and 3.19 ± 0.37 mm (range 2.56[ndash]3.91 mm), respectively (p = 0.91). After 3 months of treatment, mean ACD in group 1 both without (3.05 ± 0.36 mm, range 2.14[ndash]3.76 mm) and with (3.09 ± 0.4 mm, range 2.20[ndash]3.96 mm) cycloplegia was significantly reduced compared with baseline values (p < 0.001 for both). However, there was no significant difference between mean ACD at baseline and that at month 3 in group 2. No correlation was demonstrated between the changes in ACD and the ocular hypotensive effect of latanoprost (p = 0.96, r = [minus] 0.006). There were no changes in refractive status or visual acuity.Conclusions: The overall results seem to suggest that latanoprost decreases mean ACD in patients with POAG. The clinical significance of this effect is uncertain.

Share/Save